Application notes.
In this section, you will find our application notes. These scientific documents give details of experiments, scientific protocols and other application-oriented information which will help you with your measurements.
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Electrochemistry and Battery Testing
- DC and AC characterization of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) using a Pinflow 20 cm² test lab cell - AN71
- Determination of the diffusion coefficient of an inserted species in a host electrode with EIS, PITT and GITT techniques - Battery - AN 70
- How to check and correct non-stationary EIS measurements using EC-Lab® (battery cell) - Battery - AN69/2
- How to check and correct non-stationary EIS measurements using EC-Lab® (part 1: corrosion) - Corrosion - AN69/1
- In-situ electrochemical study of LiFePO4 electrodes by quartz crystal microbalance - Battery - Application Note 68
- Sensor pulsed techniques: SWV, DPV & NPV - Electroanalysis Electrochemistry Sensor - Application Note 67
- EIS measurements on a RDE Part I: Determination of a diffusion coefficient using the new element Winf - Application Note 66
- THD: parameters affecting its value & comparison with other methods of linearity assessment - Battery & Corrosion - Application Note 65
- EIS Quality Indicators: THD, NSD & NSR - Battery & Corrosion - Application Note 64
- High current (DC and EIS) measurements on electrolyzers - Electrolyzers - Application Note 63
- How to measure the ohmic resistance of a battery using EIS (EIS-high-frequency-internal-resistance) - Battery - Application Note 62
- How to interpret lower frequencies impedance in batteries (EIS low frequency diffusion) - Battery - Application Note 61
- Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT): an introduction – Battery – Application Note 60
- A comprehensive solution to address battery module/pack (pack/fuel cell/stack/module/battery) - Energy Storage - Application Note 59
- Battery cycling with reference electrodes using the PAT-cell test cell - Battery - Application Note 58
- Differential Coulometry Spectroscopy (DCS & DCA) - Battery - Application Note 57
- Levich and Koutecký-Levich analysis tools: Electrochemical reaction kinetics measurement - Application Note 56
- Interpretation problems of impedance measurements on time variant systems - Battery & Corrosion - Application Note 55
- How to read EIS accuracy contour plots - Application Note 54
- Precision and Accuracy in Coulombic Efficiency Measurements (High Precision Coulometry HPC) - Battery - Application Note 53
- UFS-SEC: SpectroElectrochemical Cell for UV-Vis, NIR and IR measurement (Spectroelectrochemistry) - Application Note 52
- Supercapacitor characterization by galvanostatic polarization method (DC characterizations) - Supercapacitor - Application Note 51
- EIS Mathematics #2 - (The simplicity of Laplace transform) - Battery - Application Note 50-2
- EIS Mathematics #1 -The simplicity of complex numbers and impedance diagrams - Battery - Application Note 50-1
- Potentio or Galvano EIS - Battery - Application Note 49
- Inaccuracy of corrosion current determination in presence of ohmic drop - Corrosion - Application Note 48
- Corrosion current determination with mass transfer limitation - Corrosion - Application Note 47
- In situ measurements for shrinking/dilation in energy storage devices during cycling - Battery - Application Note 46
- ZFit and multiple impedance diagram fitting (EIS Zfit) - Battery & Corrosion - Application Note 45
- Equivalent model of electrochemical cell inc. ref. electrode impedance and potentiostat parasitics - Battery - Application Note 44
- How to fit transmission lines with ZFit (EIS transmission lines) - Battery - Application Note 43
- The modified inductance element La - Battery - Application Note 42
- CV Sim: Simulation of simple redox reaction (E) Part 2 Ohmic drop effect & double layer capacitance - Application Note 41-2
- CV Sim: Simulation of the simple redox reaction (E) - Part I: The effect of scan rate - Kinetics - Application Note 41-1
- Differential (Incremental) Capacity Analysis (DCS & DCA) - Battery - Application Note 40
- Electrochemical Noise Measurements Part III: Determination of the noise resistance Rn - Corrosion - Application Note 39-3
- Electrochemical Noise Measurements: Part II: ASTM assessment on a real electrochemical system- Corrosion - Application Note 39-2
- Electrochemical Noise Measurements Part I: ASTM assessment and validation of instrumental noise - Corrosion - Application Note 39-1
- Dynamic resistance determination. A relation between AC and DC measurements? - EIS - Battery- AN 38
- CASP: a new method for the determination of corrosion parameters (CASP Rp determination) - Corrosion - Application Note 37
- VASP: an innovative technique for corrosion monitoring (VASP Rp determination) - Corrosion- Application Note 36
- Application of the Capacitance-Voltage curve to photovoltaic cell characterizations (EIS & CV curve) - Photovoltaic - Application Note 35
- Supercapacitors Investigations Part II: Time Constant (EIS characterization) - Supercapacitor - Application Note 34
- Supercapacitors investigations Part I: Charge/discharge cycling (DC characterization) - Supercapacitor - Application Note 33
- Fuel Cell Testing Part II: EIS characterization (EIS characterization)- Fuel-Cell - Application Note 32
- Fuel Cell Testing Part I: Overview and I/E characterizations (IV characterization) - Fuel-Cell- Application Note 31
- IMVS investigation on photovoltaic cell (IMVS) - Photovoltaic - Application Note 30
- Ohmic Drop Part III: Suitable use of the ZIR techniques (Ohmic drop & ZIR techniques) - Battery - Application Note 29
- Ohmic Drop Part II: Intro. to Ohmic Drop measurement techniques (Ohmic drop measurement)- Battery - AN. 28
- Ohmic Drop Part I: Effect on measurements (Ohmic drop effect on measurements) - Battery - Corrosion - Application Note 27
- EC-Lab & BT-Lab graphic customization - Battery - Application Note 26
- Multi Pitting Corrosion (Pitting) - Corrosion - Application Note 25
- Photovoltaic Characterizations: Polarization and Mott Schottky plot - Photovoltaic - Application Note 24
- EIS measurements on Li-ion batteries EC-Lab® software parameters adjustment (EIS optimizations) - Battery - Application Note 23
- Corrosion of reinforced concrete - Corrosion - Application Note 22
- Measurements of double layer capacitance - Battery - Corrosion - Application Note 21
- EIS pseudocapacitance - Battery - Corrosion - Application Note 20
- EIS measurements with multi sine - Battery - Corrosion - Application Note 19
- Staircase Potentio Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (SPEIS) and automatic successive ZFit analysis - Battery - Corrosion - AN 18
- Drift correction in electrochemical impedance measurements (EIS non stationarity) - Battery - Corrosion - Application Note 17
- Simultaneous impedance measurements elements of a running cell stack in EC-Lab Express (EIS pack) - Battery - AN. 16
- Two questions about Kramers-Kronig transformations (EIS Kramers-Kronig) - Battery - Application Note 15
- ZFit and equivalent electrical circuits (EIS Equivalent Circuit) - Battery- Application Note 14
- Instrument & Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) coupling: Mass measurement during polypyrrol film deposition - AN. 13
- UV-Visible spectroscopy & electrochemistry coupling: Spectroelectrochemical feasibility on a polypyrrol film - AN 12
- Calculation of the active surface of platinum (Fuel cell ECSA) - Application Note 11
- Corrosion current measurement for an iron electrode in an acid solution (Tafel plot LPR)- Corrosion - Application Note 10
- Linear vs. non-linear systems in impedance measurements (EIS linearity) - Battery - Application Note 9
- Impedance, admittance, Nyquist, Bode, Black, (EIS plot) - Battery - Application Note 8
- Application of the bipotentiostat to an experiment with a Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE bipot) - Application Note 7
- Constant power technique and Ragone plot - Electrochemistry & Battery - Application Note 6
- Precautions for good impedance measurements (EIS) - Electrochemistry & Battery- Application Note 5
- The mystery of potentiostat stability explained (Potentiostat stability) - Battery - Application Note 4
- Galvanostatic Cycling with Potential limitation 4: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) battery satellite protocol (GITT#2) - Battery - Application Note 3
- Protocols for intercalation electrodes materials-2, Potentiodynamic Cycling/Galvanostatic Acceleration (PCGA) PITT- Battery - AN 2
- Protocols for studying intercalation electrodes materials- I: Galvanostatic cycling/potential limitations (GCPL) GITT - Battery AN 1
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Rapid Kinetics and Spectroscopy
- Stopped-flow in the mid-IR using dual comb spectroscopy - AN38
- Which Quench Flow for my lab ? QFM & SFM Series - Quench flow - AN37
- Protein folding and Chevron plots - SFM Series - Stopped-flow - AN36
- Stopped-flow in cryogenic conditions using an external cryostat - Rapid Kinetics - Application Note 25b
- Membrane transport kinetics as measured by stopped-flow - SFM 2000 Series- µSFM- Rapid Kinetics - Application Note 35
- Well Plate Optical Characteristics Variation Effects on CD Measurements - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 34
- UV cut offs due to volume and solution components - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 33
- Sensitivity Detection limits using proteins - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 32
- Reproducibility of CD measurements - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 31
- Allowed Sample types selected examples for CD measurements - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 30
- Evaporation Effects on Measurement Stability - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 29
- Meniscus and beam position effects on measurement stability - EkkO - Spectroscopy - Application Note 28
- Getting the most from a 50 μl stock of sample using the μSFM for refolding experiments - μSFM - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 27
- Changing the way to do Circular Dichroism - MOS-500 - Spectroscopy - Application Note 26
- Stopped-flow in cryogenic conditions - SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 25
- Exciton coupled circular dichroism using MOS-500 - MOS-500 - Spectroscopy - Application Note 24
- DR-CD accessory for the determination of enantiomeric ratio - MOS-500 - Spectroscopy - Application Note 23
- Using MOS-500 for Magnetic Circular Dichroism - MOS-500 - Spectroscopy - Application Note 22
- Double mixing stopped-flow using interrupted flow method - SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 21
- Wide temperature range control -SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 20
- Automatic concentration dependance studies - SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 19
- High precision mixing ratios - SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 18
- Precise control of flow rate - SFM-2000 series -Rapid kinetics - Application Note 17
- High precision volume delivery - SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 16
- Submicrosecond dead time determination - SFM-2000 series - Rapid kinetics - Application Note 15
- ORD accessory - MOS-500 - Spectroscopy - Application Note 11
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Photosynthesis
- Measurement of non-photochemical quenching using the JTS-150 pump probe spectrometer - Application Note 5.
- Measurement of electrochromic bandshift at 520 nm with real-time scatter correction at 546 nm - Application Note 4.
- Cyclic electron flow in C3 plants - Photosynthesis - Application Note 3
- Cyclic and linear electron flow in plants revealed by JTS-10 spectrometer - Photosynthesis - Application Note 2
- The advantages of using green light to follow fluorescence changes - Photosynthesis - Application Note 1
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Material testing
- Impedance compensation - Material Science - Application Note 4
- Electronic conductivity measurement - DC/AC methods - Material Science- Application Note 3
- Review and principles of conductivity measurement - Material Science - Application Note 2
- Electrical characterization of a ceramic with MTZ-35 and HTSH-1100 test fixture - Material Science - Application Note 1
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Scanning probe workstations
- SDS Reservoir Head - Scanning Probes - Application Note 25
- Sweep scan in Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) experiments - Scanning probes - Application Note 24
- Ic-SECM - Bipolar Plates - Scanning Probes - Application Note 23
- The use of the SVP470 for Vibrating Probe measurements of plants - Scanning Probes. Application Note 22.
- Using the SECM150 to Measure an NMC Battery Electrode - Scanning Probes. Application Note 21
- Introduction to Foil Cell - Scanning Probes. Application Note 20
- Investigation of the diffusion of ferricyanide through porous membranes using the SECM150 - Scanning Probes. Application Note 19.
- Achieving micron scale measurements using the SECM150 - Scanning Probes. Application Note 18
- The use of height tracking SECM to measure mechanically exfoliated graphite - Scanning Probes. Application Note 17.
- Intermittent Contact (ic) SECM for relief of major topographic features - Scanning Probes - Application Note 16
- Introduction to the USB-PIO: measuring the effect of light on a live leaf - Scanning Probes. Application Note 15
- Introduction to the Modular Map Experiment: an Interdigitated Array electrode example - Scanning Probes - Application Note 14
- Investigation of an interdigitated array electrode using ic-SECM - Scanning Probes - Application Note 13
- 3D Map production using the 3DIsoPlot software - Scanning Probes - Application Note 12
- Measurement of a nano-patterned gold sample by ic-/ac-SECM - Scanning Probes - Application Note 11
- dc- and ac-SECM Measurements on Si Nanowire Arrays - Scanning Probes - Application Note 10
- SKP imaging example of a corroded Zn-plated Fe sample - Scanning Probes - Application Note 9
- Graphical and analysis tools in M370/M470 software - Scanning Probes - Application Note 8
- ac-SECM to investigate battery electrode materials in non-aqueous electrolyte - Scanning Probes - Application Note 7
- Advantages of the intermittent contact SECM : two examples in corrosion - Scanning Probes - Application Note 6
- Introducing the Microscopic Image Rapid Analysis (MIRA) software - Scanning Probes - Application Note 5
- Post-treatment and optimization of area scan experiments - Scanning Probes - Application Note 4
- SECM height relief with OSP: an application in sensors - Scanning Probes - Application Note 3
- SECM height relief with OSP: An application in corrosion - Scanning Probes - Application Note 2
- Height tracking with the SKP370 or SKP470 module - Scanning Probes - Application Note 1