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Energy storage and conversion

Browse this section of the site to find scientific articles, tutorials, videos and other self-help documentation relating to energy storage and conversion.

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Topics (59)

What is a potentiostat? How potentiostats work and their use in Science & Industry.

What is a potentiostat? An article detailing every aspect of this versatile electrochemical multitool. Covers Potentiostat functionality and operation, the history of the potentiostat, uses and applications and the future of the potentiostat
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Don’t forget our YouTube Channel

Don't forget that a wide range of support, software tutorials and product support videos are also available on our YouTube Channel
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ZSim and ZFit as learning tools. Part one: Acidic corrosion

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$\small R_\text p = \lim \limits_{f \rightarrow 0} \text{Re} \;Z$. Why?

Why is the polarization resistance the finite low-frequency limit of the impedance? This Learning Center article explains why...
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The easy way to D – the diffusion coefficient

Performing EIS experiments on a Rotating Disk Electrode is a really easy way to access the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species in the considered electrolyte.
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Battery states: State of charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH)

Battery States (Charge and of Health) are defined and discussed in this article.
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Scanning probe electrochemistry for catalysis research

An overview of the benefits of local electrochemistry in research in the field of catalysis
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Investigating battery aging using Differential Capacity Analysis (DCA)

The importance of DCA for battery aging...
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How to read battery cycling curves

An overview of how to read cycling curves and their relevance to battery performance/behavior
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How to correct impedance measurements when using longer cables or a test fixture

Focus on your Device under Test. How to remove parasitic impedance due to extension cables or connection interfaces
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The different current and voltage setpoint options in EC/BT-Lab®

This article presents the various options available in EC/BT-Lab® for potential and current setpoints.
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How to avoid side reactions during battery charging/discharging?

How can we avoid unwanted reactions at the electrodes during battery charging/discharging?
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Scanning probe electrochemistry for sustainable energy research

A short article and associated video relating to scanning probe electrochemistry and sustainable energy
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How to use EIS accuracy contour plots

EIS accuracy contour plots must be used to interpret errors made during EIS measurements and identify the best frequencies possible for a given impedance range.
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The RRDE as a pH probe in situ

The Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) Ring can be used as a potentiometric or amperometric in situ pH probe. This is extremely useful to study electrochemical reactions that involves OH- or H+ ions.
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Effect of the staircase on current sampling.

An article detailing the effect of the staircase on current sampling
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Checking and validating reference electrodes

The reference electrode is part of the 3-electrode setup. A bad reference electrode can impact negatively on measurements. In this article, we discuss the protocol necessary to check reference electrodes.
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Investigation of impedance measurements using the Z Sim tool

To adjust the frequency range of your EIS experiment or just to see the shape of your model, Z Sim is available on both EC-Lab® and BT-Lab® software.
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Nyquist plots: Why use the orthonormal scale?

This article illustrates why the orthonormal scale should be used for Nyquist impedance plots.
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dc-SECM and the SECM150

The dc-SECM technique. Includes a link to a more detailed, downloadable document.
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Rotating Ring Disk Electrode: an Introduction

The principles and main uses of the Rotating Ring Disk Electrode.
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How do I customize my plots?

A suitable plot with the right variables allows you directly access the results and saves a great deal of time during the analysis. In this short article we show you how...
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Create and save your own protocols

Learn how to save time by configuring full experiments from previous settings; including safety limits, advanced settings, cell characteristics and external device configuration.
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Levich analysis: the principles

The Levich analysis is mainly used to determine the diffusion coefficient of a redox species. But how does it work exactly?
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Koutecký-Levich analysis: the principles

The Koutecký-Levich analysis is used to determine kinetic parameters of a redox reaction. But how does it work exactly?
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Split an EIS experiment into multiple sequences: save time without compromising measurement quality

Reliable impedance measurements require the system under study to remain linear and stationary during the whole measurement sequence. This article describes the ideal configuration for studying unstable systems such as batteries or supercaps to save time while maintaining good measurement quality.
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Work smarter, not harder: Tech-tips

A series of short articles explaining how to work more efficiently and streamline your workflow
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QCM: Why measuring at overtones matters

The benefits of QCM measurements at overtones are described.
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QCM: History and principles

The principles behind the QCM technique are described as well as an introduction to its history.
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QCM: When is the Sauerbrey equation valid?

How to ensure the validity of the Sauerbrey equation
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QCM: Measurement principles

The measurement principles used in BluQCM are described
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Connection to the cell – Part 3 – Permeation cell measurements (Working Electrode to Ground)

Last in a three part series about connection modes
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Connection to the cell – Part 2 – Multi-electrode measurement

The second in a third part series of three articles about connection modes.
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Connection to the cell – Part 1 – What is “ground”?

Different grounding options based on application type
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Scanning Probes & Fuel Cell Research

Scanning Probes & Fuel Cell Research: overview of techniques
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SECM to form and screen micron scale electrocatalysts

Article illustrating how SECM can be used for high throughput screening of novel electrocatalytic materials destined for green energy sources
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EIS and Battery Screening

Article describing how advanced EIS battery cyclers can play a multipurpose role in battery screening.
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A bright idea: Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) for the investigation of photovoltaic systems

Article covers the importance of accurately measuring the work function of device components, in particular that of the electrodes. in relation to photovoltaic technologies
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Scanning Probes & Photovoltaic Research

Scanning probe electrochemistry has already been used to help answer a number of questions relating to photovoltaics. This article will discuss the benefits of scanning proble electrochemistry in relation to PV.
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Anode, cathode, positive and negative: battery basics

This article clarifies the differences between anodes cathodes and positive and negative electrodes in secondary batteries.
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Why use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for battery research?

Understand which information you can accurately obtain from your insertion material using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.
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Rotating Disk Electrodes: their value and use

The Rotating Disk Electrode is a widely used device in electrochemistry research? But what exactly makes it so useful?
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Cyclic Voltammetry: how to obtain great results with your potentiostat

What are the critical Cyclic Voltammetry parameters and how should you tune them correctly to ensure you get the best out of your instrument?
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Get more from your potentiostat. Understanding bandwidth & its effect on measurements

An article which gives an overview of the electronic system that sits behind a potentiostat/galvanostats and describes how it can affect your measurements.
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How to check and correct the time variance of your system under EIS measurements

Are you running EIS experiments on a corroding electrode or on a charging or discharging battery and obtaining unusual or strange data at low frequencies? You should check that the change of your system does not affect your EIS measurements. Here are a few tools available in EC-Lab® to help you deal with such situations.
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How to make reliable EIS measurements with your potentiostat or battery cycler

To be considered reliable, EIS measurements must be performed on a system that is linear, in a steady-state and time-invariant. Quality Indicators are made available to users of EC-Lab® to ensure that the system fulfills these requirements.
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PEIS or GEIS or GEIS-AA? That is the question.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are generally performed under potentio control (PEIS) rather than under galvano control (GEIS). In most cases, the potentio and galvano modes are equivalent and give the same results, except in some cases when galvano mode is recommended, for example, when the system changes during the measurement…
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Scanning probes & battery research

As demand for electric vehicles, portable electronics, and green energy storage grow, so too will the demand for better batteries. To improve on current battery technologies, researchers must intimately understand battery components
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ZFit (impedance fitting) tutorials for potentiostats and battery cyclers

Series of tutorials about ZFit, BioLogic's impedance fitting tool
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Coupling potentiostats & spectrometers for spectroelectrochemical measurements

One of the possibilities of characterizing intermediate species created during a redox process, is to couple a spectrometer with a potentiostat
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What is EIS ?

Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool enabling the study of processes that occur at the interface of the electrode.
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The electrical conductivity of solid electrolytes

The efficiency and performance of energy storage devices depend on the electrical properties of the materials used for the anode, cathode and for the electrolyte.
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Data of interest – work more efficiently.

Get the most out of your potentiostat/battery cycler : how EC/BT-Lab can help you work more efficiently as well as save valuable time.
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Resolution, Precision, Accuracy, Temperature stability and Time base: The five to watch

The five characteristics that should be on every electrochemist’s radar
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HPC: The importance of ultra-precision battery cyclers

As opposed to standard cycling techniques, High Precision Coulometry (HPC) measurements can provide a reliable estimation of battery lifetime quickly
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No need to plan your future analysis… Go straight ahead

It is time to demystify a false truth. You really do not always need to add points in the record settings of BT-Lab® and EC-Lab® in order to obtain highly accurate measurements.
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Modify on-the-Fly: Flexible potentiostat/battery cycler control

No need to stop the experiment with EC-Lab®’s “modify-on-the-fly” functionality
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Why 4-point measurements?

A potentiostat / galvanostat is an instrument that can control both the current and the voltage imposed to a cell. For this purpose, Bio-Logic instruments require at least 4 cables:
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Potentiostats: Obtaining high quality measurements…

This article gives some tips to improve the quality of measurements, from optimizing the setup or the connection interfaces, to the geometry of the cell itself.
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